test(c-api) Split the test suites (deprecated and wasm-c-api).

lib/c-api/tests/wasm_c_api/wasm-c-api/include/wasm.h

@@ -0,0 +1,704 @@
+// WebAssembly C API
+
+#ifndef WASM_H
+#define WASM_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#ifndef WASM_API_EXTERN
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define WASM_API_EXTERN __declspec(dllimport)
+#else
+#define WASM_API_EXTERN
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Auxiliaries
+
+// Machine types
+
+inline void assertions() {
+  static_assert(sizeof(float) == sizeof(uint32_t), "incompatible float type");
+  static_assert(sizeof(double) == sizeof(uint64_t), "incompatible double type");
+  static_assert(sizeof(intptr_t) == sizeof(uint32_t) ||
+                sizeof(intptr_t) == sizeof(uint64_t),
+                "incompatible pointer type");
+}
+
+typedef char byte_t;
+typedef float float32_t;
+typedef double float64_t;
+
+
+// Ownership
+
+#define own
+
+// The qualifier `own` is used to indicate ownership of data in this API.
+// It is intended to be interpreted similar to a `const` qualifier:
+//
+// - `own wasm_xxx_t*` owns the pointed-to data
+// - `own wasm_xxx_t` distributes to all fields of a struct or union `xxx`
+// - `own wasm_xxx_vec_t` owns the vector as well as its elements(!)
+// - an `own` function parameter passes ownership from caller to callee
+// - an `own` function result passes ownership from callee to caller
+// - an exception are `own` pointer parameters named `out`, which are copy-back
+//   output parameters passing back ownership from callee to caller
+//
+// Own data is created by `wasm_xxx_new` functions and some others.
+// It must be released with the corresponding `wasm_xxx_delete` function.
+//
+// Deleting a reference does not necessarily delete the underlying object,
+// it merely indicates that this owner no longer uses it.
+//
+// For vectors, `const wasm_xxx_vec_t` is used informally to indicate that
+// neither the vector nor its elements should be modified.
+// TODO: introduce proper `wasm_xxx_const_vec_t`?
+
+
+#define WASM_DECLARE_OWN(name) \
+  typedef struct wasm_##name##_t wasm_##name##_t; \
+  \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_##name##_delete(own wasm_##name##_t*);
+
+
+// Vectors
+
+#define WASM_DECLARE_VEC(name, ptr_or_none) \
+  typedef struct wasm_##name##_vec_t { \
+    size_t size; \
+    wasm_##name##_t ptr_or_none* data; \
+  } wasm_##name##_vec_t; \
+  \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_##name##_vec_new_empty(own wasm_##name##_vec_t* out); \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_##name##_vec_new_uninitialized( \
+    own wasm_##name##_vec_t* out, size_t); \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_##name##_vec_new( \
+    own wasm_##name##_vec_t* out, \
+    size_t, own wasm_##name##_t ptr_or_none const[]); \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_##name##_vec_copy( \
+    own wasm_##name##_vec_t* out, const wasm_##name##_vec_t*); \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_##name##_vec_delete(own wasm_##name##_vec_t*);
+
+
+// Byte vectors
+
+typedef byte_t wasm_byte_t;
+WASM_DECLARE_VEC(byte, )
+
+typedef wasm_byte_vec_t wasm_name_t;
+
+#define wasm_name wasm_byte_vec
+#define wasm_name_new wasm_byte_vec_new
+#define wasm_name_new_empty wasm_byte_vec_new_empty
+#define wasm_name_new_new_uninitialized wasm_byte_vec_new_uninitialized
+#define wasm_name_copy wasm_byte_vec_copy
+#define wasm_name_delete wasm_byte_vec_delete
+
+static inline void wasm_name_new_from_string(
+  own wasm_name_t* out, const char* s
+) {
+  wasm_name_new(out, strlen(s) + 1, s);
+}
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Runtime Environment
+
+// Configuration
+
+WASM_DECLARE_OWN(config)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_config_t* wasm_config_new();
+
+// Embedders may provide custom functions for manipulating configs.
+
+
+// Engine
+
+WASM_DECLARE_OWN(engine)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_engine_t* wasm_engine_new();
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_engine_t* wasm_engine_new_with_config(own wasm_config_t*);
+
+
+// Store
+
+WASM_DECLARE_OWN(store)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_store_t* wasm_store_new(wasm_engine_t*);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Type Representations
+
+// Type attributes
+
+typedef uint8_t wasm_mutability_t;
+enum wasm_mutability_enum {
+  WASM_CONST,
+  WASM_VAR,
+};
+
+typedef struct wasm_limits_t {
+  uint32_t min;
+  uint32_t max;
+} wasm_limits_t;
+
+static const uint32_t wasm_limits_max_default = 0xffffffff;
+
+
+// Generic
+
+#define WASM_DECLARE_TYPE(name) \
+  WASM_DECLARE_OWN(name) \
+  WASM_DECLARE_VEC(name, *) \
+  \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_##name##_t* wasm_##name##_copy(wasm_##name##_t*);
+
+
+// Value Types
+
+WASM_DECLARE_TYPE(valtype)
+
+typedef uint8_t wasm_valkind_t;
+enum wasm_valkind_enum {
+  WASM_I32,
+  WASM_I64,
+  WASM_F32,
+  WASM_F64,
+  WASM_ANYREF = 128,
+  WASM_FUNCREF,
+};
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_valtype_t* wasm_valtype_new(wasm_valkind_t);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_valkind_t wasm_valtype_kind(const wasm_valtype_t*);
+
+static inline bool wasm_valkind_is_num(wasm_valkind_t k) {
+  return k < WASM_ANYREF;
+}
+static inline bool wasm_valkind_is_ref(wasm_valkind_t k) {
+  return k >= WASM_ANYREF;
+}
+
+static inline bool wasm_valtype_is_num(const wasm_valtype_t* t) {
+  return wasm_valkind_is_num(wasm_valtype_kind(t));
+}
+static inline bool wasm_valtype_is_ref(const wasm_valtype_t* t) {
+  return wasm_valkind_is_ref(wasm_valtype_kind(t));
+}
+
+
+// Function Types
+
+WASM_DECLARE_TYPE(functype)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_functype_t* wasm_functype_new(
+  own wasm_valtype_vec_t* params, own wasm_valtype_vec_t* results);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_valtype_vec_t* wasm_functype_params(const wasm_functype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_valtype_vec_t* wasm_functype_results(const wasm_functype_t*);
+
+
+// Global Types
+
+WASM_DECLARE_TYPE(globaltype)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_globaltype_t* wasm_globaltype_new(
+  own wasm_valtype_t*, wasm_mutability_t);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_valtype_t* wasm_globaltype_content(const wasm_globaltype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_mutability_t wasm_globaltype_mutability(const wasm_globaltype_t*);
+
+
+// Table Types
+
+WASM_DECLARE_TYPE(tabletype)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_tabletype_t* wasm_tabletype_new(
+  own wasm_valtype_t*, const wasm_limits_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_valtype_t* wasm_tabletype_element(const wasm_tabletype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_limits_t* wasm_tabletype_limits(const wasm_tabletype_t*);
+
+
+// Memory Types
+
+WASM_DECLARE_TYPE(memorytype)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_memorytype_t* wasm_memorytype_new(const wasm_limits_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_limits_t* wasm_memorytype_limits(const wasm_memorytype_t*);
+
+
+// Extern Types
+
+WASM_DECLARE_TYPE(externtype)
+
+typedef uint8_t wasm_externkind_t;
+enum wasm_externkind_enum {
+  WASM_EXTERN_FUNC,
+  WASM_EXTERN_GLOBAL,
+  WASM_EXTERN_TABLE,
+  WASM_EXTERN_MEMORY,
+};
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_externkind_t wasm_externtype_kind(const wasm_externtype_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_externtype_t* wasm_functype_as_externtype(wasm_functype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_externtype_t* wasm_globaltype_as_externtype(wasm_globaltype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_externtype_t* wasm_tabletype_as_externtype(wasm_tabletype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_externtype_t* wasm_memorytype_as_externtype(wasm_memorytype_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_functype_t* wasm_externtype_as_functype(wasm_externtype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_globaltype_t* wasm_externtype_as_globaltype(wasm_externtype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_tabletype_t* wasm_externtype_as_tabletype(wasm_externtype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_memorytype_t* wasm_externtype_as_memorytype(wasm_externtype_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_externtype_t* wasm_functype_as_externtype_const(const wasm_functype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_externtype_t* wasm_globaltype_as_externtype_const(const wasm_globaltype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_externtype_t* wasm_tabletype_as_externtype_const(const wasm_tabletype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_externtype_t* wasm_memorytype_as_externtype_const(const wasm_memorytype_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_functype_t* wasm_externtype_as_functype_const(const wasm_externtype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_globaltype_t* wasm_externtype_as_globaltype_const(const wasm_externtype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_tabletype_t* wasm_externtype_as_tabletype_const(const wasm_externtype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_memorytype_t* wasm_externtype_as_memorytype_const(const wasm_externtype_t*);
+
+
+// Import Types
+
+WASM_DECLARE_TYPE(importtype)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_importtype_t* wasm_importtype_new(
+  own wasm_name_t* module, own wasm_name_t* name, own wasm_externtype_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_name_t* wasm_importtype_module(const wasm_importtype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_name_t* wasm_importtype_name(const wasm_importtype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_externtype_t* wasm_importtype_type(const wasm_importtype_t*);
+
+
+// Export Types
+
+WASM_DECLARE_TYPE(exporttype)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_exporttype_t* wasm_exporttype_new(
+  own wasm_name_t*, own wasm_externtype_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_name_t* wasm_exporttype_name(const wasm_exporttype_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_externtype_t* wasm_exporttype_type(const wasm_exporttype_t*);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Runtime Objects
+
+// Values
+
+struct wasm_ref_t;
+
+typedef struct wasm_val_t {
+  wasm_valkind_t kind;
+  union {
+    int32_t i32;
+    int64_t i64;
+    float32_t f32;
+    float64_t f64;
+    struct wasm_ref_t* ref;
+  } of;
+} wasm_val_t;
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_val_delete(own wasm_val_t* v);
+WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_val_copy(own wasm_val_t* out, const wasm_val_t*);
+
+WASM_DECLARE_VEC(val, )
+
+
+// References
+
+#define WASM_DECLARE_REF_BASE(name) \
+  WASM_DECLARE_OWN(name) \
+  \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_##name##_t* wasm_##name##_copy(const wasm_##name##_t*); \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN bool wasm_##name##_same(const wasm_##name##_t*, const wasm_##name##_t*); \
+  \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN void* wasm_##name##_get_host_info(const wasm_##name##_t*); \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_##name##_set_host_info(wasm_##name##_t*, void*); \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_##name##_set_host_info_with_finalizer( \
+    wasm_##name##_t*, void*, void (*)(void*));
+
+#define WASM_DECLARE_REF(name) \
+  WASM_DECLARE_REF_BASE(name) \
+  \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_ref_t* wasm_##name##_as_ref(wasm_##name##_t*); \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_##name##_t* wasm_ref_as_##name(wasm_ref_t*); \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_ref_t* wasm_##name##_as_ref_const(const wasm_##name##_t*); \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_##name##_t* wasm_ref_as_##name##_const(const wasm_ref_t*);
+
+#define WASM_DECLARE_SHARABLE_REF(name) \
+  WASM_DECLARE_REF(name) \
+  WASM_DECLARE_OWN(shared_##name) \
+  \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_shared_##name##_t* wasm_##name##_share(const wasm_##name##_t*); \
+  WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_##name##_t* wasm_##name##_obtain(wasm_store_t*, const wasm_shared_##name##_t*);
+
+
+WASM_DECLARE_REF_BASE(ref)
+
+
+// Frames
+
+WASM_DECLARE_OWN(frame)
+WASM_DECLARE_VEC(frame, *)
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_frame_t* wasm_frame_copy(const wasm_frame_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN struct wasm_instance_t* wasm_frame_instance(const wasm_frame_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN uint32_t wasm_frame_func_index(const wasm_frame_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN size_t wasm_frame_func_offset(const wasm_frame_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN size_t wasm_frame_module_offset(const wasm_frame_t*);
+
+
+// Traps
+
+typedef wasm_name_t wasm_message_t;  // null terminated
+
+WASM_DECLARE_REF(trap)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_trap_t* wasm_trap_new(wasm_store_t* store, const wasm_message_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_trap_message(const wasm_trap_t*, own wasm_message_t* out);
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_frame_t* wasm_trap_origin(const wasm_trap_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_trap_trace(const wasm_trap_t*, own wasm_frame_vec_t* out);
+
+
+// Foreign Objects
+
+WASM_DECLARE_REF(foreign)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_foreign_t* wasm_foreign_new(wasm_store_t*);
+
+
+// Modules
+
+WASM_DECLARE_SHARABLE_REF(module)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_module_t* wasm_module_new(
+  wasm_store_t*, const wasm_byte_vec_t* binary);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN bool wasm_module_validate(wasm_store_t*, const wasm_byte_vec_t* binary);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_module_imports(const wasm_module_t*, own wasm_importtype_vec_t* out);
+WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_module_exports(const wasm_module_t*, own wasm_exporttype_vec_t* out);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_module_serialize(const wasm_module_t*, own wasm_byte_vec_t* out);
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_module_t* wasm_module_deserialize(wasm_store_t*, const wasm_byte_vec_t*);
+
+
+// Function Instances
+
+WASM_DECLARE_REF(func)
+
+typedef own wasm_trap_t* (*wasm_func_callback_t)(
+  const wasm_val_t args[], wasm_val_t results[]);
+typedef own wasm_trap_t* (*wasm_func_callback_with_env_t)(
+  void* env, const wasm_val_t args[], wasm_val_t results[]);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_func_t* wasm_func_new(
+  wasm_store_t*, const wasm_functype_t*, wasm_func_callback_t);
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_func_t* wasm_func_new_with_env(
+  wasm_store_t*, const wasm_functype_t* type, wasm_func_callback_with_env_t,
+  void* env, void (*finalizer)(void*));
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_functype_t* wasm_func_type(const wasm_func_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN size_t wasm_func_param_arity(const wasm_func_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN size_t wasm_func_result_arity(const wasm_func_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_trap_t* wasm_func_call(
+  const wasm_func_t*, const wasm_val_t args[], wasm_val_t results[]);
+
+
+// Global Instances
+
+WASM_DECLARE_REF(global)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_global_t* wasm_global_new(
+  wasm_store_t*, const wasm_globaltype_t*, const wasm_val_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_globaltype_t* wasm_global_type(const wasm_global_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_global_get(const wasm_global_t*, own wasm_val_t* out);
+WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_global_set(wasm_global_t*, const wasm_val_t*);
+
+
+// Table Instances
+
+WASM_DECLARE_REF(table)
+
+typedef uint32_t wasm_table_size_t;
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_table_t* wasm_table_new(
+  wasm_store_t*, const wasm_tabletype_t*, wasm_ref_t* init);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_tabletype_t* wasm_table_type(const wasm_table_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_ref_t* wasm_table_get(const wasm_table_t*, wasm_table_size_t index);
+WASM_API_EXTERN bool wasm_table_set(wasm_table_t*, wasm_table_size_t index, wasm_ref_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_table_size_t wasm_table_size(const wasm_table_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN bool wasm_table_grow(wasm_table_t*, wasm_table_size_t delta, wasm_ref_t* init);
+
+
+// Memory Instances
+
+WASM_DECLARE_REF(memory)
+
+typedef uint32_t wasm_memory_pages_t;
+
+static const size_t MEMORY_PAGE_SIZE = 0x10000;
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_memory_t* wasm_memory_new(wasm_store_t*, const wasm_memorytype_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_memorytype_t* wasm_memory_type(const wasm_memory_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN byte_t* wasm_memory_data(wasm_memory_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN size_t wasm_memory_data_size(const wasm_memory_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_memory_pages_t wasm_memory_size(const wasm_memory_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN bool wasm_memory_grow(wasm_memory_t*, wasm_memory_pages_t delta);
+
+
+// Externals
+
+WASM_DECLARE_REF(extern)
+WASM_DECLARE_VEC(extern, *)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_externkind_t wasm_extern_kind(const wasm_extern_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_externtype_t* wasm_extern_type(const wasm_extern_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_extern_t* wasm_func_as_extern(wasm_func_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_extern_t* wasm_global_as_extern(wasm_global_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_extern_t* wasm_table_as_extern(wasm_table_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_extern_t* wasm_memory_as_extern(wasm_memory_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_func_t* wasm_extern_as_func(wasm_extern_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_global_t* wasm_extern_as_global(wasm_extern_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_table_t* wasm_extern_as_table(wasm_extern_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN wasm_memory_t* wasm_extern_as_memory(wasm_extern_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_extern_t* wasm_func_as_extern_const(const wasm_func_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_extern_t* wasm_global_as_extern_const(const wasm_global_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_extern_t* wasm_table_as_extern_const(const wasm_table_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_extern_t* wasm_memory_as_extern_const(const wasm_memory_t*);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_func_t* wasm_extern_as_func_const(const wasm_extern_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_global_t* wasm_extern_as_global_const(const wasm_extern_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_table_t* wasm_extern_as_table_const(const wasm_extern_t*);
+WASM_API_EXTERN const wasm_memory_t* wasm_extern_as_memory_const(const wasm_extern_t*);
+
+
+// Module Instances
+
+WASM_DECLARE_REF(instance)
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN own wasm_instance_t* wasm_instance_new(
+  wasm_store_t*, const wasm_module_t*, const wasm_extern_t* const imports[],
+  own wasm_trap_t**
+);
+
+WASM_API_EXTERN void wasm_instance_exports(const wasm_instance_t*, own wasm_extern_vec_t* out);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Convenience
+
+// Value Type construction short-hands
+
+static inline own wasm_valtype_t* wasm_valtype_new_i32() {
+  return wasm_valtype_new(WASM_I32);
+}
+static inline own wasm_valtype_t* wasm_valtype_new_i64() {
+  return wasm_valtype_new(WASM_I64);
+}
+static inline own wasm_valtype_t* wasm_valtype_new_f32() {
+  return wasm_valtype_new(WASM_F32);
+}
+static inline own wasm_valtype_t* wasm_valtype_new_f64() {
+  return wasm_valtype_new(WASM_F64);
+}
+
+static inline own wasm_valtype_t* wasm_valtype_new_anyref() {
+  return wasm_valtype_new(WASM_ANYREF);
+}
+static inline own wasm_valtype_t* wasm_valtype_new_funcref() {
+  return wasm_valtype_new(WASM_FUNCREF);
+}
+
+
+// Function Types construction short-hands
+
+static inline own wasm_functype_t* wasm_functype_new_0_0() {
+  wasm_valtype_vec_t params, results;
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new_empty(&params);
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new_empty(&results);
+  return wasm_functype_new(&params, &results);
+}
+
+static inline own wasm_functype_t* wasm_functype_new_1_0(
+  own wasm_valtype_t* p
+) {
+  wasm_valtype_t* ps[1] = {p};
+  wasm_valtype_vec_t params, results;
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&params, 1, ps);
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new_empty(&results);
+  return wasm_functype_new(&params, &results);
+}
+
+static inline own wasm_functype_t* wasm_functype_new_2_0(
+  own wasm_valtype_t* p1, own wasm_valtype_t* p2
+) {
+  wasm_valtype_t* ps[2] = {p1, p2};
+  wasm_valtype_vec_t params, results;
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&params, 2, ps);
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new_empty(&results);
+  return wasm_functype_new(&params, &results);
+}
+
+static inline own wasm_functype_t* wasm_functype_new_3_0(
+  own wasm_valtype_t* p1, own wasm_valtype_t* p2, own wasm_valtype_t* p3
+) {
+  wasm_valtype_t* ps[3] = {p1, p2, p3};
+  wasm_valtype_vec_t params, results;
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&params, 3, ps);
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new_empty(&results);
+  return wasm_functype_new(&params, &results);
+}
+
+static inline own wasm_functype_t* wasm_functype_new_0_1(
+  own wasm_valtype_t* r
+) {
+  wasm_valtype_t* rs[1] = {r};
+  wasm_valtype_vec_t params, results;
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new_empty(&params);
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&results, 1, rs);
+  return wasm_functype_new(&params, &results);
+}
+
+static inline own wasm_functype_t* wasm_functype_new_1_1(
+  own wasm_valtype_t* p, own wasm_valtype_t* r
+) {
+  wasm_valtype_t* ps[1] = {p};
+  wasm_valtype_t* rs[1] = {r};
+  wasm_valtype_vec_t params, results;
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&params, 1, ps);
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&results, 1, rs);
+  return wasm_functype_new(&params, &results);
+}
+
+static inline own wasm_functype_t* wasm_functype_new_2_1(
+  own wasm_valtype_t* p1, own wasm_valtype_t* p2, own wasm_valtype_t* r
+) {
+  wasm_valtype_t* ps[2] = {p1, p2};
+  wasm_valtype_t* rs[1] = {r};
+  wasm_valtype_vec_t params, results;
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&params, 2, ps);
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&results, 1, rs);
+  return wasm_functype_new(&params, &results);
+}
+
+static inline own wasm_functype_t* wasm_functype_new_3_1(
+  own wasm_valtype_t* p1, own wasm_valtype_t* p2, own wasm_valtype_t* p3,
+  own wasm_valtype_t* r
+) {
+  wasm_valtype_t* ps[3] = {p1, p2, p3};
+  wasm_valtype_t* rs[1] = {r};
+  wasm_valtype_vec_t params, results;
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&params, 3, ps);
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&results, 1, rs);
+  return wasm_functype_new(&params, &results);
+}
+
+static inline own wasm_functype_t* wasm_functype_new_0_2(
+  own wasm_valtype_t* r1, own wasm_valtype_t* r2
+) {
+  wasm_valtype_t* rs[2] = {r1, r2};
+  wasm_valtype_vec_t params, results;
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new_empty(&params);
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&results, 2, rs);
+  return wasm_functype_new(&params, &results);
+}
+
+static inline own wasm_functype_t* wasm_functype_new_1_2(
+  own wasm_valtype_t* p, own wasm_valtype_t* r1, own wasm_valtype_t* r2
+) {
+  wasm_valtype_t* ps[1] = {p};
+  wasm_valtype_t* rs[2] = {r1, r2};
+  wasm_valtype_vec_t params, results;
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&params, 1, ps);
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&results, 2, rs);
+  return wasm_functype_new(&params, &results);
+}
+
+static inline own wasm_functype_t* wasm_functype_new_2_2(
+  own wasm_valtype_t* p1, own wasm_valtype_t* p2,
+  own wasm_valtype_t* r1, own wasm_valtype_t* r2
+) {
+  wasm_valtype_t* ps[2] = {p1, p2};
+  wasm_valtype_t* rs[2] = {r1, r2};
+  wasm_valtype_vec_t params, results;
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&params, 2, ps);
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&results, 2, rs);
+  return wasm_functype_new(&params, &results);
+}
+
+static inline own wasm_functype_t* wasm_functype_new_3_2(
+  own wasm_valtype_t* p1, own wasm_valtype_t* p2, own wasm_valtype_t* p3,
+  own wasm_valtype_t* r1, own wasm_valtype_t* r2
+) {
+  wasm_valtype_t* ps[3] = {p1, p2, p3};
+  wasm_valtype_t* rs[2] = {r1, r2};
+  wasm_valtype_vec_t params, results;
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&params, 3, ps);
+  wasm_valtype_vec_new(&results, 2, rs);
+  return wasm_functype_new(&params, &results);
+}
+
+
+// Value construction short-hands
+
+static inline void wasm_val_init_ptr(own wasm_val_t* out, void* p) {
+#if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT32_MAX
+  out->kind = WASM_I32;
+  out->of.i32 = (intptr_t)p;
+#elif UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
+  out->kind = WASM_I64;
+  out->of.i64 = (intptr_t)p;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void* wasm_val_ptr(const wasm_val_t* val) {
+#if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT32_MAX
+  return (void*)(intptr_t)val->of.i32;
+#elif UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
+  return (void*)(intptr_t)val->of.i64;
+#endif
+}
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#undef own
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  // extern "C"
+#endif
+
+#endif  // #ifdef WASM_H

lib/c-api/tests/wasm_c_api/wasm-c-api/include/wasm.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,746 @@
+// WebAssembly C++ API
+
+#ifndef WASM_HH
+#define WASM_HH
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#ifndef WASM_API_EXTERN
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define WASM_API_EXTERN __declspec(dllimport)
+#else
+#define WASM_API_EXTERN
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Auxiliaries
+
+// Machine types
+
+static_assert(sizeof(float) == sizeof(int32_t), "incompatible float type");
+static_assert(sizeof(double) == sizeof(int64_t), "incompatible double type");
+static_assert(sizeof(intptr_t) == sizeof(int32_t) ||
+              sizeof(intptr_t) == sizeof(int64_t), "incompatible pointer type");
+
+using byte_t = char;
+using float32_t = float;
+using float64_t = double;
+
+
+namespace wasm {
+
+// Vectors
+
+template<class T>
+class vec {
+  static const size_t invalid_size = SIZE_MAX;
+
+  size_t size_;
+  std::unique_ptr<T[]> data_;
+
+#ifdef WASM_API_DEBUG
+  WASM_API_EXTERN void make_data();
+  WASM_API_EXTERN void free_data();
+#else
+  void make_data() {}
+  void free_data() {}
+#endif
+
+  vec(size_t size) : vec(size, size ? new(std::nothrow) T[size] : nullptr) {
+    make_data();
+  }
+
+  vec(size_t size, T* data) : size_(size), data_(data) {
+    assert(!!size_ == !!data_ || size_ == invalid_size);
+  }
+
+public:
+  using elem_type = T;
+
+  vec(vec<T>&& that) : vec(that.size_, that.data_.release()) {
+    that.size_ = invalid_size;
+  }
+
+  ~vec() {
+    free_data();
+  }
+
+  operator bool() const {
+    return bool(size_ != invalid_size);
+  }
+
+  auto size() const -> size_t {
+    return size_;
+  }
+
+  auto get() const -> const T* {
+    return data_.get();
+  }
+
+  auto get() -> T* {
+    return data_.get();
+  }
+
+  auto release() -> T* {
+    size_ = invalid_size;
+    return data_.release();
+  }
+
+  void reset() {
+    free_data();
+    size_ = invalid_size;
+    data_.reset();
+  }
+
+  void reset(vec& that) {
+    free_data();
+    size_ = that.size_;
+    data_.reset(that.data_.release());
+    that.size_ = invalid_size;
+  }
+
+  auto operator=(vec&& that) -> vec& {
+    reset(that);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  auto operator[](size_t i) -> T& {
+    assert(i < size_);
+    return data_[i];
+  }
+
+  auto operator[](size_t i) const -> const T& {
+    assert(i < size_);
+    return data_[i];
+  }
+
+  auto copy() const -> vec {
+    auto v = vec(size_);
+    if (v) for (size_t i = 0; i < size_; ++i) v.data_[i] = data_[i];
+    return v;
+  }
+
+  // TODO: This can't be used for e.g. vec<Val>
+  auto deep_copy() const -> vec {
+    auto v = vec(size_);
+    if (v) for (size_t i = 0; i < size_; ++i) v.data_[i] = data_[i]->copy();
+    return v;
+  }
+
+  static auto make_uninitialized(size_t size = 0) -> vec {
+    return vec(size);
+  }
+
+  static auto make(size_t size, T init[]) -> vec {
+    auto v = vec(size);
+    if (v) for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) v.data_[i] = std::move(init[i]);
+    return v;
+  }
+
+  static auto make(std::string s) -> vec<char> {
+    auto v = vec(s.length() + 1);
+    if (v) std::strcpy(v.get(), s.data());
+    return v;
+  }
+
+  // TODO(mvsc): MVSC requires this special case:
+  static auto make() -> vec {
+    return vec(0);
+  }
+
+  template<class... Ts>
+  static auto make(Ts&&... args) -> vec {
+    T data[] = { std::forward<Ts>(args)... };
+    return make(sizeof...(Ts), data);
+  }
+
+  static auto adopt(size_t size, T data[]) -> vec {
+    return vec(size, data);
+  }
+
+  static auto invalid() -> vec {
+    return vec(invalid_size, nullptr);
+  }
+};
+
+
+// Ownership
+
+template<class T> using own = std::unique_ptr<T>;
+template<class T> using ownvec = vec<own<T>>;
+
+template<class T>
+auto make_own(T* x) -> own<T> { return own<T>(x); }
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Runtime Environment
+
+// Configuration
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Config {
+public:
+  Config() = delete;
+  ~Config();
+  void operator delete(void*);
+
+  static auto make() -> own<Config>;
+
+  // Implementations may provide custom methods for manipulating Configs.
+};
+
+
+// Engine
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Engine {
+public:
+  Engine() = delete;
+  ~Engine();
+  void operator delete(void*);
+
+  static auto make(own<Config>&& = Config::make()) -> own<Engine>;
+};
+
+
+// Store
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Store {
+public:
+  Store() = delete;
+  ~Store();
+  void operator delete(void*);
+
+  static auto make(Engine*) -> own<Store>;
+};
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Type Representations
+
+// Type attributes
+
+enum class Mutability : uint8_t { CONST, VAR };
+
+struct Limits {
+  uint32_t min;
+  uint32_t max;
+
+  Limits(uint32_t min, uint32_t max = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) :
+    min(min), max(max) {}
+};
+
+
+// Value Types
+
+enum class ValKind : uint8_t {
+  I32, I64, F32, F64,
+  ANYREF = 128, FUNCREF,
+};
+
+inline bool is_num(ValKind k) { return k < ValKind::ANYREF; }
+inline bool is_ref(ValKind k) { return k >= ValKind::ANYREF; }
+
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN ValType {
+public:
+  ValType() = delete;
+  ~ValType();
+  void operator delete(void*);
+
+  static auto make(ValKind) -> own<ValType>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<ValType>;
+
+  auto kind() const -> ValKind;
+  auto is_num() const -> bool { return wasm::is_num(kind()); }
+  auto is_ref() const -> bool { return wasm::is_ref(kind()); }
+};
+
+
+// External Types
+
+enum class ExternKind : uint8_t {
+  FUNC, GLOBAL, TABLE, MEMORY
+};
+
+class FuncType;
+class GlobalType;
+class TableType;
+class MemoryType;
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN ExternType {
+public:
+  ExternType() = delete;
+  ~ExternType();
+  void operator delete(void*);
+
+  auto copy() const-> own<ExternType>;
+
+  auto kind() const -> ExternKind;
+
+  auto func() -> FuncType*;
+  auto global() -> GlobalType*;
+  auto table() -> TableType*;
+  auto memory() -> MemoryType*;
+
+  auto func() const -> const FuncType*;
+  auto global() const -> const GlobalType*;
+  auto table() const -> const TableType*;
+  auto memory() const -> const MemoryType*;
+};
+
+
+// Function Types
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN FuncType : public ExternType {
+public:
+  FuncType() = delete;
+  ~FuncType();
+
+  static auto make(
+    ownvec<ValType>&& params = ownvec<ValType>::make(),
+    ownvec<ValType>&& results = ownvec<ValType>::make()
+  ) -> own<FuncType>;
+
+  auto copy() const -> own<FuncType>;
+
+  auto params() const -> const ownvec<ValType>&;
+  auto results() const -> const ownvec<ValType>&;
+};
+
+
+// Global Types
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN GlobalType : public ExternType {
+public:
+  GlobalType() = delete;
+  ~GlobalType();
+
+  static auto make(own<ValType>&&, Mutability) -> own<GlobalType>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<GlobalType>;
+
+  auto content() const -> const ValType*;
+  auto mutability() const -> Mutability;
+};
+
+
+// Table Types
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN TableType : public ExternType {
+public:
+  TableType() = delete;
+  ~TableType();
+
+  static auto make(own<ValType>&&, Limits) -> own<TableType>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<TableType>;
+
+  auto element() const -> const ValType*;
+  auto limits() const -> const Limits&;
+};
+
+
+// Memory Types
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN MemoryType : public ExternType {
+public:
+  MemoryType() = delete;
+  ~MemoryType();
+
+  static auto make(Limits) -> own<MemoryType>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<MemoryType>;
+
+  auto limits() const -> const Limits&;
+};
+
+
+// Import Types
+
+using Name = vec<byte_t>;
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN ImportType {
+public:
+  ImportType() = delete;
+  ~ImportType();
+  void operator delete(void*);
+
+  static auto make(Name&& module, Name&& name, own<ExternType>&&) ->
+    own<ImportType>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<ImportType>;
+
+  auto module() const -> const Name&;
+  auto name() const -> const Name&;
+  auto type() const -> const ExternType*;
+};
+
+
+// Export Types
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN ExportType {
+public:
+  ExportType() = delete;
+  ~ExportType();
+  void operator delete(void*);
+
+  static auto make(Name&&, own<ExternType>&&) -> own<ExportType>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<ExportType>;
+
+  auto name() const -> const Name&;
+  auto type() const -> const ExternType*;
+};
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Runtime Objects
+
+// References
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Ref {
+public:
+  Ref() = delete;
+  ~Ref();
+  void operator delete(void*);
+
+  auto copy() const -> own<Ref>;
+  auto same(const Ref*) const -> bool;
+
+  auto get_host_info() const -> void*;
+  void set_host_info(void* info, void (*finalizer)(void*) = nullptr);
+};
+
+
+// Values
+
+class Val {
+  ValKind kind_;
+  union impl {
+    int32_t i32;
+    int64_t i64;
+    float32_t f32;
+    float64_t f64;
+    Ref* ref;
+  } impl_;
+
+  Val(ValKind kind, impl impl) : kind_(kind), impl_(impl) {}
+
+public:
+  Val() : kind_(ValKind::ANYREF) { impl_.ref = nullptr; }
+  Val(int32_t i) : kind_(ValKind::I32) { impl_.i32 = i; }
+  Val(int64_t i) : kind_(ValKind::I64) { impl_.i64 = i; }
+  Val(float32_t z) : kind_(ValKind::F32) { impl_.f32 = z; }
+  Val(float64_t z) : kind_(ValKind::F64) { impl_.f64 = z; }
+  Val(own<Ref>&& r) : kind_(ValKind::ANYREF) { impl_.ref = r.release(); }
+
+  Val(Val&& that) : kind_(that.kind_), impl_(that.impl_) {
+    if (is_ref()) that.impl_.ref = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  ~Val() {
+    reset();
+  }
+
+  auto is_num() const -> bool { return wasm::is_num(kind_); }
+  auto is_ref() const -> bool { return wasm::is_ref(kind_); }
+
+  static auto i32(int32_t x) -> Val { return Val(x); }
+  static auto i64(int64_t x) -> Val { return Val(x); }
+  static auto f32(float32_t x) -> Val { return Val(x); }
+  static auto f64(float64_t x) -> Val { return Val(x); }
+  static auto ref(own<Ref>&& x) -> Val { return Val(std::move(x)); }
+  template<class T> inline static auto make(T x) -> Val;
+  template<class T> inline static auto make(own<T>&& x) -> Val;
+
+  void reset() {
+    if (is_ref() && impl_.ref) {
+      delete impl_.ref;
+      impl_.ref = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void reset(Val& that) {
+    reset();
+    kind_ = that.kind_;
+    impl_ = that.impl_;
+    if (is_ref()) that.impl_.ref = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  auto operator=(Val&& that) -> Val& {
+    reset(that);
+    return *this;
+  } 
+
+  auto kind() const -> ValKind { return kind_; }
+  auto i32() const -> int32_t { assert(kind_ == ValKind::I32); return impl_.i32; }
+  auto i64() const -> int64_t { assert(kind_ == ValKind::I64); return impl_.i64; }
+  auto f32() const -> float32_t { assert(kind_ == ValKind::F32); return impl_.f32; }
+  auto f64() const -> float64_t { assert(kind_ == ValKind::F64); return impl_.f64; }
+  auto ref() const -> Ref* { assert(is_ref()); return impl_.ref; }
+  template<class T> inline auto get() const -> T;
+
+  auto release_ref() -> own<Ref> {
+    assert(is_ref());
+    auto ref = impl_.ref;
+    impl_.ref = nullptr;
+    return own<Ref>(ref);
+  }
+
+  auto copy() const -> Val {
+    if (is_ref() && impl_.ref != nullptr) {
+      // TODO(mvsc): MVSC cannot handle this:
+      // impl impl = {.ref = impl_.ref->copy().release()};
+      impl impl;
+      impl.ref = impl_.ref->copy().release();
+      return Val(kind_, impl);
+    } else {
+      return Val(kind_, impl_);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+
+template<> inline auto Val::make<int32_t>(int32_t x) -> Val { return Val(x); }
+template<> inline auto Val::make<int64_t>(int64_t x) -> Val { return Val(x); }
+template<> inline auto Val::make<float32_t>(float32_t x) -> Val { return Val(x); }
+template<> inline auto Val::make<float64_t>(float64_t x) -> Val { return Val(x); }
+template<> inline auto Val::make<Ref>(own<Ref>&& x) -> Val {
+  return Val(std::move(x));
+}
+
+template<> inline auto Val::make<uint32_t>(uint32_t x) -> Val {
+  return Val(static_cast<int32_t>(x));
+}
+template<> inline auto Val::make<uint64_t>(uint64_t x) -> Val {
+  return Val(static_cast<int64_t>(x));
+}
+
+template<> inline auto Val::get<int32_t>() const -> int32_t { return i32(); }
+template<> inline auto Val::get<int64_t>() const -> int64_t { return i64(); }
+template<> inline auto Val::get<float32_t>() const -> float32_t { return f32(); }
+template<> inline auto Val::get<float64_t>() const -> float64_t { return f64(); }
+template<> inline auto Val::get<Ref*>() const -> Ref* { return ref(); }
+
+template<> inline auto Val::get<uint32_t>() const -> uint32_t {
+  return static_cast<uint32_t>(i32());
+}
+template<> inline auto Val::get<uint64_t>() const -> uint64_t {
+  return static_cast<uint64_t>(i64());
+}
+
+
+// Traps
+
+using Message = vec<byte_t>;  // null terminated
+
+class Instance;
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Frame {
+public:
+  Frame() = delete;
+  ~Frame();
+  void operator delete(void*);
+
+  auto copy() const -> own<Frame>;
+
+  auto instance() const -> Instance*;
+  auto func_index() const -> uint32_t;
+  auto func_offset() const -> size_t;
+  auto module_offset() const -> size_t;
+};
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Trap : public Ref {
+public:
+  Trap() = delete;
+  ~Trap();
+
+  static auto make(Store*, const Message& msg) -> own<Trap>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<Trap>;
+
+  auto message() const -> Message;
+  auto origin() const -> own<Frame>;  // may be null
+  auto trace() const -> ownvec<Frame>;  // may be empty, origin first
+};
+
+
+// Shared objects
+
+template<class T>
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Shared {
+public:
+  Shared() = delete;
+  ~Shared();
+  void operator delete(void*);
+};
+
+
+// Modules
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Module : public Ref {
+public:
+  Module() = delete;
+  ~Module();
+
+  static auto validate(Store*, const vec<byte_t>& binary) -> bool;
+  static auto make(Store*, const vec<byte_t>& binary) -> own<Module>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<Module>;
+
+  auto imports() const -> ownvec<ImportType>;
+  auto exports() const -> ownvec<ExportType>;
+
+  auto share() const -> own<Shared<Module>>;
+  static auto obtain(Store*, const Shared<Module>*) -> own<Module>;
+
+  auto serialize() const -> vec<byte_t>;
+  static auto deserialize(Store*, const vec<byte_t>&) -> own<Module>;
+};
+
+
+// Foreign Objects
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Foreign : public Ref {
+public:
+  Foreign() = delete;
+  ~Foreign();
+
+  static auto make(Store*) -> own<Foreign>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<Foreign>;
+};
+
+
+// Externals
+
+class Func;
+class Global;
+class Table;
+class Memory;
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Extern : public Ref {
+public:
+  Extern() = delete;
+  ~Extern();
+
+  auto copy() const -> own<Extern>;
+
+  auto kind() const -> ExternKind;
+  auto type() const -> own<ExternType>;
+
+  auto func() -> Func*;
+  auto global() -> Global*;
+  auto table() -> Table*;
+  auto memory() -> Memory*;
+
+  auto func() const -> const Func*;
+  auto global() const -> const Global*;
+  auto table() const -> const Table*;
+  auto memory() const -> const Memory*;
+};
+
+
+// Function Instances
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Func : public Extern {
+public:
+  Func() = delete;
+  ~Func();
+
+  using callback = auto (*)(const Val[], Val[]) -> own<Trap>;
+  using callback_with_env = auto (*)(void*, const Val[], Val[]) -> own<Trap>;
+
+  static auto make(Store*, const FuncType*, callback) -> own<Func>;
+  static auto make(Store*, const FuncType*, callback_with_env,
+    void*, void (*finalizer)(void*) = nullptr) -> own<Func>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<Func>;
+
+  auto type() const -> own<FuncType>;
+  auto param_arity() const -> size_t;
+  auto result_arity() const -> size_t;
+
+  auto call(const Val[] = nullptr, Val[] = nullptr) const -> own<Trap>;
+};
+
+
+// Global Instances
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Global : public Extern {
+public:
+  Global() = delete;
+  ~Global();
+
+  static auto make(Store*, const GlobalType*, const Val&) -> own<Global>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<Global>;
+
+  auto type() const -> own<GlobalType>;
+  auto get() const -> Val;
+  void set(const Val&);
+};
+
+
+// Table Instances
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Table : public Extern {
+public:
+  Table() = delete;
+  ~Table();
+
+  using size_t = uint32_t;
+
+  static auto make(
+    Store*, const TableType*, const Ref* init = nullptr) -> own<Table>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<Table>;
+
+  auto type() const -> own<TableType>;
+  auto get(size_t index) const -> own<Ref>;
+  auto set(size_t index, const Ref*) -> bool;
+  auto size() const -> size_t;
+  auto grow(size_t delta, const Ref* init = nullptr) -> bool;
+};
+
+
+// Memory Instances
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Memory : public Extern {
+public:
+  Memory() = delete;
+  ~Memory();
+
+  static auto make(Store*, const MemoryType*) -> own<Memory>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<Memory>;
+
+  using pages_t = uint32_t;
+
+  static const size_t page_size = 0x10000;
+
+  auto type() const -> own<MemoryType>;
+  auto data() const -> byte_t*;
+  auto data_size() const -> size_t;
+  auto size() const -> pages_t;
+  auto grow(pages_t delta) -> bool;
+};
+
+
+// Module Instances
+
+class WASM_API_EXTERN Instance : public Ref {
+public:
+  Instance() = delete;
+  ~Instance();
+
+  static auto make(
+    Store*, const Module*, const Extern* const[], own<Trap>* = nullptr
+  ) -> own<Instance>;
+  auto copy() const -> own<Instance>;
+
+  auto exports() const -> ownvec<Extern>;
+};
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+}  // namespace wasm
+
+#endif  // #ifdef WASM_HH