Split Artifact to have ArtifactCreate that handles only the creation part, not the run part

Cargo.lock

@@ -2765,6 +2765,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror",
  "wasm-bindgen",
  "wasm-bindgen-test",
+ "wasmer-artifact",
  "wasmer-compiler",
  "wasmer-compiler-cranelift",
  "wasmer-compiler-llvm",
@@ -2780,6 +2781,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wasmer-artifact"
+version = "2.2.1"
+dependencies = [
+ "enumset",
+ "loupe",
+ "thiserror",
+ "wasmer-compiler",
+ "wasmer-types",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer-bin-fuzz"
 version = "0.0.0"
@@ -2858,6 +2870,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tempfile",
  "unix_mode",
  "wasmer",
+ "wasmer-artifact",
  "wasmer-cache",
  "wasmer-compiler",
  "wasmer-compiler-cranelift",
@@ -2996,6 +3009,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_bytes",
  "target-lexicon 0.12.3",
  "thiserror",
+ "wasmer-artifact",
  "wasmer-compiler",
  "wasmer-types",
  "wasmer-vm",
@@ -3010,6 +3024,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "loupe",
  "serde",
  "serde_bytes",
+ "wasmer-artifact",
  "wasmer-compiler",
  "wasmer-engine",
  "wasmer-types",
@@ -3031,6 +3046,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "tempfile",
  "tracing",
+ "wasmer-artifact",
  "wasmer-compiler",
  "wasmer-engine",
  "wasmer-object",
@@ -3052,6 +3068,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "tempfile",
  "tracing",
+ "wasmer-artifact",
  "wasmer-compiler",
  "wasmer-engine",
  "wasmer-object",
@@ -3070,6 +3087,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "loupe",
  "region",
  "rkyv",
+ "wasmer-artifact",
  "wasmer-compiler",
  "wasmer-engine",
  "wasmer-types",
@@ -3156,6 +3174,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "scopeguard",
  "serde",
  "thiserror",
+ "wasmer-artifact",
  "wasmer-types",
  "winapi",
 ]

lib/api/Cargo.toml

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ edition = "2018"
 # Shared dependencies.
 [dependencies]
 # - Mandatory shared dependencies.
+wasmer-artifact = { path = "../artifact", version = "=2.2.1" }
 indexmap = { version = "1.6", features = ["serde-1"] }
 cfg-if = "1.0"
 thiserror = "1.0"

lib/artifact/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+[package]
+name = "wasmer-artifact"
+version = "2.2.1"
+description = "Wasmer Artifact abstraction"
+categories = ["wasm"]
+keywords = ["wasm", "webassembly", "engine"]
+authors = ["Wasmer Engineering Team <engineering@wasmer.io>"]
+repository = "https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer"
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception "
+readme = "README.md"
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dependencies]
+wasmer-types = { path = "../types", version = "=2.2.1" }
+wasmer-compiler = { path = "../compiler", version = "=2.2.1" }
+loupe = "0.1"
+thiserror = "1.0"
+enumset = "1.0"
+
+[badges]
+maintenance = { status = "actively-developed" }
+

lib/artifact/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# `wasmer-artifact` [![Build Status](https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/workflows/build/badge.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild) [![Join Wasmer Slack](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=Slack&message=join%20chat&color=brighgreen&style=flat-square)](https://slack.wasmer.io) [![MIT License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/wasmerio/wasmer.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/blob/master/LICENSE)
+
+
+This crate is the general abstraction for creating Artifacts in Wasmer.
+
+### Acknowledgments
+
+This project borrowed some of the code of the trap implementation from
+the [`wasmtime-api`], the code since then has evolved significantly.
+
+Please check [Wasmer `ATTRIBUTIONS`] to further see licenses and other
+attributions of the project.
+
+
+[`wasmer-engine-universal`]: https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/tree/master/lib/engine-universal
+[`wasmer-engine-dylib`]: https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/tree/master/lib/engine-dylib
+[`wasmer-engine-staticlib`]: https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/tree/master/lib/engine-staticlib
+[`wasmer-engine-dummy`]: https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/tree/master/tests/lib/engine-dummy
+[`wasmtime-api`]: https://crates.io/crates/wasmtime
+[Wasmer `ATTRIBUTIONS`]: https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/blob/master/ATTRIBUTIONS.md

lib/artifact/src/artifact.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+use crate::{DeserializeError, SerializeError};
+use enumset::EnumSet;
+use loupe::MemoryUsage;
+use std::any::Any;
+use std::convert::TryInto;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::{fs, mem};
+use wasmer_compiler::{CpuFeature, Features};
+use wasmer_types::entity::PrimaryMap;
+use wasmer_types::{
+    MemoryIndex, MemoryStyle, ModuleInfo, OwnedDataInitializer, TableIndex, TableStyle,
+};
+
+/// An `Artifact` is the product that the `Engine`
+/// implementation produce and use.
+///
+/// The `Artifact` contains the compiled data for a given
+/// module as well as extra information needed to run the
+/// module at runtime, such as [`ModuleInfo`] and [`Features`].
+pub trait ArtifactCreate: Send + Sync + Upcastable + MemoryUsage {
+    /// Return a reference-counted pointer to the module
+    fn module(&self) -> Arc<ModuleInfo>;
+
+    /// Return a pointer to a module.
+    fn module_ref(&self) -> &ModuleInfo;
+
+    /// Gets a mutable reference to the info.
+    ///
+    /// Note: this will return `None` if the module is already instantiated.
+    fn module_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut ModuleInfo>;
+
+    /// Register thie `Artifact` stack frame information into the global scope.
+    ///
+    /// This is required to ensure that any traps can be properly symbolicated.
+    fn register_frame_info(&self);
+
+    /// Returns the features for this Artifact
+    fn features(&self) -> &Features;
+
+    /// Returns the CPU features for this Artifact
+    fn cpu_features(&self) -> EnumSet<CpuFeature>;
+
+    /// Returns the memory styles associated with this `Artifact`.
+    fn memory_styles(&self) -> &PrimaryMap<MemoryIndex, MemoryStyle>;
+
+    /// Returns the table plans associated with this `Artifact`.
+    fn table_styles(&self) -> &PrimaryMap<TableIndex, TableStyle>;
+
+    /// Returns data initializers to pass to `InstanceHandle::initialize`
+    fn data_initializers(&self) -> &[OwnedDataInitializer];
+
+    /// Serializes an artifact into bytes
+    fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, SerializeError>;
+
+    /// Serializes an artifact into a file path
+    fn serialize_to_file(&self, path: &Path) -> Result<(), SerializeError> {
+        let serialized = self.serialize()?;
+        fs::write(&path, serialized)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+// Implementation of `Upcastable` taken from https://users.rust-lang.org/t/why-does-downcasting-not-work-for-subtraits/33286/7 .
+/// Trait needed to get downcasting of `Engine`s to work.
+pub trait Upcastable {
+    /// upcast ref
+    fn upcast_any_ref(&'_ self) -> &'_ dyn Any;
+    /// upcast mut ref
+    fn upcast_any_mut(&'_ mut self) -> &'_ mut dyn Any;
+    /// upcast boxed dyn
+    fn upcast_any_box(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn Any>;
+}
+
+impl<T: Any + Send + Sync + 'static> Upcastable for T {
+    #[inline]
+    fn upcast_any_ref(&'_ self) -> &'_ dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn upcast_any_mut(&'_ mut self) -> &'_ mut dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn upcast_any_box(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn Any> {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl dyn ArtifactCreate + 'static {
+    /// Try to downcast the artifact into a given type.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn downcast_ref<T: 'static>(&'_ self) -> Option<&'_ T> {
+        self.upcast_any_ref().downcast_ref::<T>()
+    }
+
+    /// Try to downcast the artifact into a given type mutably.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn downcast_mut<T: 'static>(&'_ mut self) -> Option<&'_ mut T> {
+        self.upcast_any_mut().downcast_mut::<T>()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Metadata header which holds an ABI version and the length of the remaining
+/// metadata.
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct MetadataHeader {
+    magic: [u8; 8],
+    version: u32,
+    len: u32,
+}
+
+impl MetadataHeader {
+    /// Current ABI version. Increment this any time breaking changes are made
+    /// to the format of the serialized data.
+    const CURRENT_VERSION: u32 = 1;
+
+    /// Magic number to identify wasmer metadata.
+    const MAGIC: [u8; 8] = *b"WASMER\0\0";
+
+    /// Length of the metadata header.
+    pub const LEN: usize = 16;
+
+    /// Alignment of the metadata.
+    pub const ALIGN: usize = 16;
+
+    /// Creates a new header for metadata of the given length.
+    pub fn new(len: usize) -> [u8; 16] {
+        let header = MetadataHeader {
+            magic: Self::MAGIC,
+            version: Self::CURRENT_VERSION,
+            len: len.try_into().expect("metadata exceeds maximum length"),
+        };
+        unsafe { mem::transmute(header) }
+    }
+
+    /// Parses the header and returns the length of the metadata following it.
+    pub fn parse(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, DeserializeError> {
+        if bytes.as_ptr() as usize % 16 != 0 {
+            return Err(DeserializeError::CorruptedBinary(
+                "misaligned metadata".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+        let bytes: [u8; 16] = bytes
+            .get(..16)
+            .ok_or_else(|| {
+                DeserializeError::CorruptedBinary("invalid metadata header".to_string())
+            })?
+            .try_into()
+            .unwrap();
+        let header: MetadataHeader = unsafe { mem::transmute(bytes) };
+        if header.magic != Self::MAGIC {
+            return Err(DeserializeError::Incompatible(
+                "The provided bytes were not serialized by Wasmer".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+        if header.version != Self::CURRENT_VERSION {
+            return Err(DeserializeError::Incompatible(
+                "The provided bytes were serialized by an incompatible version of Wasmer"
+                    .to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+        Ok(header.len as usize)
+    }
+}

lib/artifact/src/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+//! The WebAssembly possible errors
+use std::io;
+use thiserror::Error;
+use wasmer_compiler::CompileError;
+use wasmer_types::ExternType;
+
+/// The Serialize error can occur when serializing a
+/// compiled Module into a binary.
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum SerializeError {
+    /// An IO error
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Io(#[from] io::Error),
+    /// A generic serialization error
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    Generic(String),
+}
+
+/// The Deserialize error can occur when loading a
+/// compiled Module from a binary.
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum DeserializeError {
+    /// An IO error
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Io(#[from] io::Error),
+    /// A generic deserialization error
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    Generic(String),
+    /// Incompatible serialized binary
+    #[error("incompatible binary: {0}")]
+    Incompatible(String),
+    /// The provided binary is corrupted
+    #[error("corrupted binary: {0}")]
+    CorruptedBinary(String),
+    /// The binary was valid, but we got an error when
+    /// trying to allocate the required resources.
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Compiler(CompileError),
+}
+
+/// An ImportError.
+///
+/// Note: this error is not standard to WebAssembly, but it's
+/// useful to determine the import issue on the API side.
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum ImportError {
+    /// Incompatible Import Type.
+    /// This error occurs when the import types mismatch.
+    #[error("incompatible import type. Expected {0:?} but received {1:?}")]
+    IncompatibleType(ExternType, ExternType),
+
+    /// Unknown Import.
+    /// This error occurs when an import was expected but not provided.
+    #[error("unknown import. Expected {0:?}")]
+    UnknownImport(ExternType),
+}
+
+/// An error while preinstantiating a module.
+///
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum PreInstantiationError {
+    /// The module was compiled with a CPU feature that is not available on
+    /// the current host.
+    #[error("module compiled with CPU feature that is missing from host")]
+    CpuFeature(String),
+}

lib/artifact/src/funcbody.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/// A placeholder byte-sized type which is just used to provide some amount of type
+/// safety when dealing with pointers to JIT-compiled function bodies. Note that it's
+/// deliberately not Copy, as we shouldn't be carelessly copying function body bytes
+/// around.
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct VMFunctionBody(u8);
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test_vmfunction_body {
+    use super::VMFunctionBody;
+    use std::mem::size_of;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_vmfunction_body_offsets() {
+        assert_eq!(size_of::<VMFunctionBody>(), 1);
+    }
+}

lib/artifact/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+//! Generic Artifact abstraction for Wasmer Engines.
+
+#![deny(missing_docs, trivial_numeric_casts, unused_extern_crates)]
+#![warn(unused_import_braces)]
+#![cfg_attr(
+    feature = "cargo-clippy",
+    allow(clippy::new_without_default, clippy::new_without_default)
+)]
+#![cfg_attr(
+    feature = "cargo-clippy",
+    warn(
+        clippy::float_arithmetic,
+        clippy::mut_mut,
+        clippy::nonminimal_bool,
+        clippy::option_map_unwrap_or,
+        clippy::option_map_unwrap_or_else,
+        clippy::print_stdout,
+        clippy::unicode_not_nfc,
+        clippy::use_self
+    )
+)]
+
+mod artifact;
+mod error;
+mod funcbody;
+
+pub use crate::artifact::{ArtifactCreate, MetadataHeader, Upcastable};
+pub use crate::error::{DeserializeError, ImportError, PreInstantiationError, SerializeError};
+pub use crate::funcbody::VMFunctionBody;
+use loupe::MemoryUsage;
+
+/// Version number of this crate.
+pub const VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
+
+/// A safe wrapper around `VMFunctionBody`.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, MemoryUsage)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct FunctionBodyPtr(pub *const VMFunctionBody);
+
+impl std::ops::Deref for FunctionBodyPtr {
+    type Target = *const VMFunctionBody;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+/// # Safety
+/// The VMFunctionBody that this points to is opaque, so there's no data to
+/// read or write through this pointer. This is essentially a usize.
+unsafe impl Send for FunctionBodyPtr {}
+/// # Safety
+/// The VMFunctionBody that this points to is opaque, so there's no data to
+/// read or write through this pointer. This is essentially a usize.
+unsafe impl Sync for FunctionBodyPtr {}

lib/cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ doc = false
 required-features = ["headless"]
 
 [dependencies]
+wasmer-artifact = { version = "=2.2.1", path = "../artifact" }
 wasmer-compiler = { version = "=2.2.1", path = "../compiler" }
 wasmer-compiler-singlepass = { version = "=2.2.1", path = "../compiler-singlepass", optional = true }
 wasmer-engine = { version = "=2.2.1", path = "../engine" }

lib/engine-dylib/Cargo.toml

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 edition = "2018"
 
 [dependencies]
+wasmer-artifact = { path = "../artifact", version = "=2.2.1" }
 wasmer-types = { path = "../types", version = "=2.2.1" }
 wasmer-compiler = { path = "../compiler", version = "=2.2.1" }
 wasmer-vm = { path = "../vm", version = "=2.2.1", features = ["enable-rkyv"] }

lib/engine-dylib/src/artifact.rs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use tempfile::NamedTempFile;
 use tracing::log::error;
 #[cfg(feature = "compiler")]
 use tracing::trace;
+use wasmer_artifact::ArtifactCreate;
 use wasmer_compiler::{
     Architecture, CompileError, CompiledFunctionFrameInfo, CpuFeature, Features,
     FunctionAddressMap, OperatingSystem, Symbol, SymbolRegistry, Triple,
@@ -678,7 +679,7 @@ impl DylibArtifact {
     }
 }
 
-impl Artifact for DylibArtifact {
+impl ArtifactCreate for DylibArtifact {
     fn module(&self) -> Arc<ModuleInfo> {
         self.metadata.compile_info.module.clone()
     }
@@ -841,30 +842,6 @@ impl Artifact for DylibArtifact {
         &self.metadata.compile_info.table_styles
     }
 
-    fn finished_functions(&self) -> &BoxedSlice<LocalFunctionIndex, FunctionBodyPtr> {
-        &self.finished_functions
-    }
-
-    fn finished_function_call_trampolines(&self) -> &BoxedSlice<SignatureIndex, VMTrampoline> {
-        &self.finished_function_call_trampolines
-    }
-
-    fn finished_dynamic_function_trampolines(&self) -> &BoxedSlice<FunctionIndex, FunctionBodyPtr> {
-        &self.finished_dynamic_function_trampolines
-    }
-
-    fn signatures(&self) -> &BoxedSlice<SignatureIndex, VMSharedSignatureIndex> {
-        &self.signatures
-    }
-
-    fn func_data_registry(&self) -> &FuncDataRegistry {
-        &self.func_data_registry
-    }
-
-    fn preinstantiate(&self) -> Result<(), InstantiationError> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     /// Serialize a `DylibArtifact`.
     fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, SerializeError> {
         Ok(std::fs::read(&self.dylib_path)?)
@@ -908,3 +885,28 @@ impl Artifact for DylibArtifact {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
+impl Artifact for DylibArtifact {
+    fn finished_functions(&self) -> &BoxedSlice<LocalFunctionIndex, FunctionBodyPtr> {
+        &self.finished_functions
+    }
+
+    fn finished_function_call_trampolines(&self) -> &BoxedSlice<SignatureIndex, VMTrampoline> {
+        &self.finished_function_call_trampolines
+    }
+
+    fn finished_dynamic_function_trampolines(&self) -> &BoxedSlice<FunctionIndex, FunctionBodyPtr> {
+        &self.finished_dynamic_function_trampolines
+    }
+
+    fn signatures(&self) -> &BoxedSlice<SignatureIndex, VMSharedSignatureIndex> {
+        &self.signatures
+    }
+
+    fn func_data_registry(&self) -> &FuncDataRegistry {
+        &self.func_data_registry
+    }
+
+    fn preinstantiate(&self) -> Result<(), InstantiationError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

lib/engine-staticlib/Cargo.toml

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 edition = "2018"
 
 [dependencies]
+wasmer-artifact = { path = "../artifact", version = "=2.2.1" }
 wasmer-types = { path = "../types", version = "=2.2.1" }
 wasmer-compiler = { path = "../compiler", version = "=2.2.1" }
 wasmer-vm = { path = "../vm", version = "=2.2.1" }

lib/engine-staticlib/src/artifact.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::mem;
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use wasmer_artifact::ArtifactCreate;
 use wasmer_compiler::{
     CompileError, CpuFeature, Features, OperatingSystem, SymbolRegistry, Triple,
 };
@@ -436,7 +437,7 @@ impl StaticlibArtifact {
     }
 }
 
-impl Artifact for StaticlibArtifact {
+impl ArtifactCreate for StaticlibArtifact {
     fn module(&self) -> Arc<ModuleInfo> {
         self.metadata.compile_info.module.clone()
     }
@@ -473,6 +474,12 @@ impl Artifact for StaticlibArtifact {
         &self.metadata.compile_info.table_styles
     }
 
+    /// Serialize a StaticlibArtifact
+    fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, SerializeError> {
+        Ok(self.module_bytes.clone())
+    }
+}
+impl Artifact for StaticlibArtifact {
     fn finished_functions(&self) -> &BoxedSlice<LocalFunctionIndex, FunctionBodyPtr> {
         &self.finished_functions
     }
@@ -492,7 +499,6 @@ impl Artifact for StaticlibArtifact {
     fn func_data_registry(&self) -> &FuncDataRegistry {
         &self.func_data_registry
     }
-
     fn preinstantiate(&self) -> Result<(), InstantiationError> {
         if self.is_compiled {
             panic!(
@@ -502,9 +508,4 @@ impl Artifact for StaticlibArtifact {
         }
         Ok(())
     }
-
-    /// Serialize a StaticlibArtifact
-    fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, SerializeError> {
-        Ok(self.module_bytes.clone())
-    }
 }

lib/engine-universal/Cargo.toml

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 edition = "2018"
 
 [dependencies]
+wasmer-artifact = { path = "../artifact", version = "=2.2.1" }
 wasmer-types = { path = "../types", version = "=2.2.1", features = [
     "enable-rkyv",
 ] }
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@ wasmer-compiler = { path = "../compiler", version = "=2.2.1", features = [
 wasmer-vm = { path = "../vm", version = "=2.2.1", features = ["enable-rkyv"] }
 wasmer-engine = { path = "../engine", version = "=2.2.1" }
 # flexbuffers = { path = "../../../flatbuffers/rust/flexbuffers", version = "0.1.0" }
-region = { version = "3.0" }
 cfg-if = "1.0"
 leb128 = "0.2"
 rkyv = "0.7.20"
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ loupe = "0.1"
 enumset = "1.0"
 enum-iterator = "0.7.0"
 
+[target.'cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))'.dependencies]
+region = { version = "3.0" }
+
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies]
 winapi = { version = "0.3", features = ["winnt", "impl-default"] }
 

lib/engine-universal/src/artifact.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use enumset::EnumSet;
 use loupe::MemoryUsage;
 use std::mem;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use wasmer_artifact::ArtifactCreate;
 use wasmer_compiler::{CompileError, CpuFeature, Features, Triple};
 #[cfg(feature = "compiler")]
 use wasmer_compiler::{CompileModuleInfo, ModuleEnvironment, ModuleMiddlewareChain};
@@ -267,7 +268,7 @@ impl UniversalArtifact {
     }
 }
 
-impl Artifact for UniversalArtifact {
+impl ArtifactCreate for UniversalArtifact {
     fn module(&self) -> Arc<ModuleInfo> {
         self.serializable.compile_info.module.clone()
     }
@@ -324,6 +325,19 @@ impl Artifact for UniversalArtifact {
         &self.serializable.compile_info.table_styles
     }
 
+    fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, SerializeError> {
+        let serialized_data = self.serializable.serialize()?;
+        assert!(mem::align_of::<SerializableModule>() <= MetadataHeader::ALIGN);
+
+        let mut metadata_binary = vec![];
+        metadata_binary.extend(Self::MAGIC_HEADER);
+        metadata_binary.extend(MetadataHeader::new(serialized_data.len()));
+        metadata_binary.extend(serialized_data);
+        Ok(metadata_binary)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Artifact for UniversalArtifact {
     fn finished_functions(&self) -> &BoxedSlice<LocalFunctionIndex, FunctionBodyPtr> {
         &self.finished_functions
     }
@@ -343,14 +357,4 @@ impl Artifact for UniversalArtifact {
     fn func_data_registry(&self) -> &FuncDataRegistry {
         &self.func_data_registry
     }
-    fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, SerializeError> {
-        let serialized_data = self.serializable.serialize()?;
-        assert!(mem::align_of::<SerializableModule>() <= MetadataHeader::ALIGN);
-
-        let mut metadata_binary = vec![];
-        metadata_binary.extend(Self::MAGIC_HEADER);
-        metadata_binary.extend(MetadataHeader::new(serialized_data.len()));
-        metadata_binary.extend(serialized_data);
-        Ok(metadata_binary)
-    }
 }

lib/engine/Cargo.toml

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ edition = "2018"
 [dependencies]
 wasmer-types = { path = "../types", version = "=2.2.1" }
 wasmer-compiler = { path = "../compiler", version = "=2.2.1" }
+wasmer-artifact = { path = "../artifact", version = "=2.2.1" }
 target-lexicon = { version = "0.12.2", default-features = false }
 # flexbuffers = { path = "../../../flatbuffers/rust/flexbuffers", version = "0.1.0" }
 backtrace = "0.3"

lib/engine/src/artifact.rs

@@ -1,63 +1,26 @@
-use crate::{
-    resolve_imports, DeserializeError, InstantiationError, Resolver, RuntimeError, SerializeError,
-    Tunables,
-};
-use enumset::EnumSet;
+use crate::{resolve_imports, InstantiationError, Resolver, RuntimeError, Tunables};
 use loupe::MemoryUsage;
 use std::any::Any;
-use std::convert::TryInto;
-use std::path::Path;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::{fs, mem};
-use wasmer_compiler::{CpuFeature, Features};
-use wasmer_types::entity::{BoxedSlice, PrimaryMap};
-use wasmer_types::{
-    DataInitializer, FunctionIndex, LocalFunctionIndex, MemoryIndex, ModuleInfo,
-    OwnedDataInitializer, SignatureIndex, TableIndex,
-};
+pub use wasmer_artifact::MetadataHeader;
+use wasmer_artifact::{ArtifactCreate, Upcastable};
+use wasmer_compiler::CpuFeature;
+use wasmer_types::entity::BoxedSlice;
+use wasmer_types::{DataInitializer, FunctionIndex, LocalFunctionIndex, SignatureIndex};
 use wasmer_vm::{
-    FuncDataRegistry, FunctionBodyPtr, InstanceAllocator, InstanceHandle, MemoryStyle, TableStyle,
-    TrapHandler, VMSharedSignatureIndex, VMTrampoline,
+    FuncDataRegistry, FunctionBodyPtr, InstanceAllocator, InstanceHandle, TrapHandler,
+    VMSharedSignatureIndex, VMTrampoline,
 };
 
 /// An `Artifact` is the product that the `Engine`
 /// implementation produce and use.
 ///
-/// The `Artifact` contains the compiled data for a given
-/// module as well as extra information needed to run the
+
+/// An `Artifact` is the product that the `Engine`
+/// implementation produce and use.
+///
+/// The `ArtifactRun` contains the extra information needed to run the
 /// module at runtime, such as [`ModuleInfo`] and [`Features`].
-pub trait Artifact: Send + Sync + Upcastable + MemoryUsage {
-    /// Return a reference-counted pointer to the module
-    fn module(&self) -> Arc<ModuleInfo>;
-
-    /// Return a pointer to a module.
-    fn module_ref(&self) -> &ModuleInfo;
-
-    /// Gets a mutable reference to the info.
-    ///
-    /// Note: this will return `None` if the module is already instantiated.
-    fn module_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut ModuleInfo>;
-
-    /// Register thie `Artifact` stack frame information into the global scope.
-    ///
-    /// This is required to ensure that any traps can be properly symbolicated.
-    fn register_frame_info(&self);
-
-    /// Returns the features for this Artifact
-    fn features(&self) -> &Features;
-
-    /// Returns the CPU features for this Artifact
-    fn cpu_features(&self) -> EnumSet<CpuFeature>;
-
-    /// Returns the memory styles associated with this `Artifact`.
-    fn memory_styles(&self) -> &PrimaryMap<MemoryIndex, MemoryStyle>;
-
-    /// Returns the table plans associated with this `Artifact`.
-    fn table_styles(&self) -> &PrimaryMap<TableIndex, TableStyle>;
-
-    /// Returns data initializers to pass to `InstanceHandle::initialize`
-    fn data_initializers(&self) -> &[OwnedDataInitializer];
-
+pub trait Artifact: Send + Sync + Upcastable + MemoryUsage + ArtifactCreate {
     /// Returns the functions allocated in memory or this `Artifact`
     /// ready to be run.
     fn finished_functions(&self) -> &BoxedSlice<LocalFunctionIndex, FunctionBodyPtr>;
@@ -76,21 +39,10 @@ pub trait Artifact: Send + Sync + Upcastable + MemoryUsage {
     /// Get the func data registry
     fn func_data_registry(&self) -> &FuncDataRegistry;
 
-    /// Serializes an artifact into bytes
-    fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, SerializeError>;
-
-    /// Serializes an artifact into a file path
-    fn serialize_to_file(&self, path: &Path) -> Result<(), SerializeError> {
-        let serialized = self.serialize()?;
-        fs::write(&path, serialized)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     /// Do preinstantiation logic that is executed before instantiating
     fn preinstantiate(&self) -> Result<(), InstantiationError> {
         Ok(())
     }
-
     /// Crate an `Instance` from this `Artifact`.
     ///
     /// # Safety
@@ -168,7 +120,6 @@ pub trait Artifact: Send + Sync + Upcastable + MemoryUsage {
         .map_err(|trap| InstantiationError::Start(RuntimeError::from_trap(trap)))?;
         Ok(handle)
     }
-
     /// Finishes the instantiation of a just created `InstanceHandle`.
     ///
     /// # Safety
@@ -193,29 +144,6 @@ pub trait Artifact: Send + Sync + Upcastable + MemoryUsage {
     }
 }
 
-// Implementation of `Upcastable` taken from https://users.rust-lang.org/t/why-does-downcasting-not-work-for-subtraits/33286/7 .
-/// Trait needed to get downcasting of `Engine`s to work.
-pub trait Upcastable {
-    fn upcast_any_ref(&'_ self) -> &'_ dyn Any;
-    fn upcast_any_mut(&'_ mut self) -> &'_ mut dyn Any;
-    fn upcast_any_box(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn Any>;
-}
-
-impl<T: Any + Send + Sync + 'static> Upcastable for T {
-    #[inline]
-    fn upcast_any_ref(&'_ self) -> &'_ dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-    #[inline]
-    fn upcast_any_mut(&'_ mut self) -> &'_ mut dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-    #[inline]
-    fn upcast_any_box(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn Any> {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
 impl dyn Artifact + 'static {
     /// Try to downcast the artifact into a given type.
     #[inline]
@@ -229,67 +157,3 @@ impl dyn Artifact + 'static {
         self.upcast_any_mut().downcast_mut::<T>()
     }
 }
-
-/// Metadata header which holds an ABI version and the length of the remaining
-/// metadata.
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct MetadataHeader {
-    magic: [u8; 8],
-    version: u32,
-    len: u32,
-}
-
-impl MetadataHeader {
-    /// Current ABI version. Increment this any time breaking changes are made
-    /// to the format of the serialized data.
-    const CURRENT_VERSION: u32 = 1;
-
-    /// Magic number to identify wasmer metadata.
-    const MAGIC: [u8; 8] = *b"WASMER\0\0";
-
-    /// Length of the metadata header.
-    pub const LEN: usize = 16;
-
-    /// Alignment of the metadata.
-    pub const ALIGN: usize = 16;
-
-    /// Creates a new header for metadata of the given length.
-    pub fn new(len: usize) -> [u8; 16] {
-        let header = MetadataHeader {
-            magic: Self::MAGIC,
-            version: Self::CURRENT_VERSION,
-            len: len.try_into().expect("metadata exceeds maximum length"),
-        };
-        unsafe { mem::transmute(header) }
-    }
-
-    /// Parses the header and returns the length of the metadata following it.
-    pub fn parse(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, DeserializeError> {
-        if bytes.as_ptr() as usize % 16 != 0 {
-            return Err(DeserializeError::CorruptedBinary(
-                "misaligned metadata".to_string(),
-            ));
-        }
-        let bytes: [u8; 16] = bytes
-            .get(..16)
-            .ok_or_else(|| {
-                DeserializeError::CorruptedBinary("invalid metadata header".to_string())
-            })?
-            .try_into()
-            .unwrap();
-        let header: MetadataHeader = unsafe { mem::transmute(bytes) };
-        if header.magic != Self::MAGIC {
-            return Err(DeserializeError::Incompatible(
-                "The provided bytes were not serialized by Wasmer".to_string(),
-            ));
-        }
-        if header.version != Self::CURRENT_VERSION {
-            return Err(DeserializeError::Incompatible(
-                "The provided bytes were serialized by an incompatible version of Wasmer"
-                    .to_string(),
-            ));
-        }
-        Ok(header.len as usize)
-    }
-}

lib/engine/src/error.rs

@@ -1,60 +1,7 @@
 //! The WebAssembly possible errors
 use crate::trap::RuntimeError;
-use std::io;
 use thiserror::Error;
-use wasmer_compiler::CompileError;
-use wasmer_types::ExternType;
-
-/// The Serialize error can occur when serializing a
-/// compiled Module into a binary.
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
-pub enum SerializeError {
-    /// An IO error
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    Io(#[from] io::Error),
-    /// A generic serialization error
-    #[error("{0}")]
-    Generic(String),
-}
-
-/// The Deserialize error can occur when loading a
-/// compiled Module from a binary.
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
-pub enum DeserializeError {
-    /// An IO error
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    Io(#[from] io::Error),
-    /// A generic deserialization error
-    #[error("{0}")]
-    Generic(String),
-    /// Incompatible serialized binary
-    #[error("incompatible binary: {0}")]
-    Incompatible(String),
-    /// The provided binary is corrupted
-    #[error("corrupted binary: {0}")]
-    CorruptedBinary(String),
-    /// The binary was valid, but we got an error when
-    /// trying to allocate the required resources.
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    Compiler(CompileError),
-}
-
-/// An ImportError.
-///
-/// Note: this error is not standard to WebAssembly, but it's
-/// useful to determine the import issue on the API side.
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
-pub enum ImportError {
-    /// Incompatible Import Type.
-    /// This error occurs when the import types mismatch.
-    #[error("incompatible import type. Expected {0:?} but received {1:?}")]
-    IncompatibleType(ExternType, ExternType),
-
-    /// Unknown Import.
-    /// This error occurs when an import was expected but not provided.
-    #[error("unknown import. Expected {0:?}")]
-    UnknownImport(ExternType),
-}
+pub use wasmer_artifact::{DeserializeError, ImportError, SerializeError};
 
 /// The WebAssembly.LinkError object indicates an error during
 /// module instantiation (besides traps from the start function).

lib/engine/src/lib.rs

@@ -31,11 +31,9 @@ mod resolver;
 mod trap;
 mod tunables;
 
-pub use crate::artifact::{Artifact, MetadataHeader};
+pub use crate::artifact::Artifact;
 pub use crate::engine::{Engine, EngineId};
-pub use crate::error::{
-    DeserializeError, ImportError, InstantiationError, LinkError, SerializeError,
-};
+pub use crate::error::{InstantiationError, LinkError};
 pub use crate::export::{Export, ExportFunction, ExportFunctionMetadata};
 pub use crate::resolver::{
     resolve_imports, ChainableNamedResolver, NamedResolver, NamedResolverChain, NullResolver,
@@ -43,6 +41,8 @@ pub use crate::resolver::{
 };
 pub use crate::trap::*;
 pub use crate::tunables::Tunables;
+pub use wasmer_artifact::{ArtifactCreate, MetadataHeader};
+pub use wasmer_artifact::{DeserializeError, ImportError, SerializeError};
 
 /// Version number of this crate.
 pub const VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");

lib/types/src/libcalls.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use enum_iterator::IntoEnumIterator;
 use loupe::MemoryUsage;
 #[cfg(feature = "enable-rkyv")]
 use rkyv::{Archive, Deserialize as RkyvDeserialize, Serialize as RkyvSerialize};
+#[cfg(feature = "enable-serde")]
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::fmt;
 
@@ -12,9 +13,8 @@ use std::fmt;
     feature = "enable-rkyv",
     derive(RkyvSerialize, RkyvDeserialize, Archive)
 )]
-#[derive(
-    Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize, MemoryUsage, IntoEnumIterator,
-)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "enable-serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, MemoryUsage, IntoEnumIterator)]
 pub enum LibCall {
     /// ceil.f32
     CeilF32,

lib/types/src/memory.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use crate::Pages;
 use loupe::MemoryUsage;
 #[cfg(feature = "enable-rkyv")]
 use rkyv::{Archive, Deserialize as RkyvDeserialize, Serialize as RkyvSerialize};
+#[cfg(feature = "enable-serde")]
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use thiserror::Error;
 
@@ -48,11 +49,12 @@ pub enum MemoryError {
 }
 
 /// Implementation styles for WebAssembly linear memory.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize, MemoryUsage)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, MemoryUsage)]
 #[cfg_attr(
     feature = "enable-rkyv",
     derive(RkyvSerialize, RkyvDeserialize, Archive)
 )]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "enable-serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum MemoryStyle {
     /// The actual memory can be resized and moved.
     Dynamic {

lib/types/src/table.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 use loupe::MemoryUsage;
 #[cfg(feature = "enable-rkyv")]
 use rkyv::{Archive, Deserialize as RkyvDeserialize, Serialize as RkyvSerialize};
+#[cfg(feature = "enable-serde")]
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 /// Implementation styles for WebAssembly tables.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, MemoryUsage)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, MemoryUsage)]
 #[cfg_attr(
     feature = "enable-rkyv",
     derive(RkyvSerialize, RkyvDeserialize, Archive)
 )]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "enable-serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 pub enum TableStyle {
     /// Signatures are stored in the table and checked in the caller.
     CallerChecksSignature,

lib/types/src/trapcode.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use core::str::FromStr;
 use loupe::MemoryUsage;
 #[cfg(feature = "enable-rkyv")]
 use rkyv::{Archive, Deserialize as RkyvDeserialize, Serialize as RkyvSerialize};
+#[cfg(feature = "enable-serde")]
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::error::Error;
 use thiserror::Error;
@@ -16,11 +17,12 @@ use thiserror::Error;
 /// A trap code describing the reason for a trap.
 ///
 /// All trap instructions have an explicit trap code.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize, Error, MemoryUsage)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Hash, Error, MemoryUsage)]
 #[cfg_attr(
     feature = "enable-rkyv",
     derive(RkyvSerialize, RkyvDeserialize, Archive)
 )]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "enable-serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 #[repr(u32)]
 pub enum TrapCode {
     /// The current stack space was exhausted.

lib/vm/Cargo.toml

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ edition = "2018"
 
 [dependencies]
 wasmer-types = { path = "../types", version = "=2.2.1" }
+wasmer-artifact = { path = "../artifact", version = "=2.2.1" }
 libc = { version = "^0.2", default-features = false }
 memoffset = "0.6"
 indexmap = { version = "1.6", features = ["serde-1"] }

lib/vm/src/lib.rs

@@ -50,12 +50,11 @@ pub use crate::sig_registry::SignatureRegistry;
 pub use crate::table::{LinearTable, Table, TableElement};
 pub use crate::trap::*;
 pub use crate::vmcontext::{
-    VMCallerCheckedAnyfunc, VMContext, VMDynamicFunctionContext, VMFunctionBody,
-    VMFunctionEnvironment, VMFunctionImport, VMFunctionKind, VMGlobalDefinition, VMGlobalImport,
-    VMMemoryDefinition, VMMemoryImport, VMSharedSignatureIndex, VMTableDefinition, VMTableImport,
-    VMTrampoline,
+    VMCallerCheckedAnyfunc, VMContext, VMDynamicFunctionContext, VMFunctionEnvironment,
+    VMFunctionImport, VMFunctionKind, VMGlobalDefinition, VMGlobalImport, VMMemoryDefinition,
+    VMMemoryImport, VMSharedSignatureIndex, VMTableDefinition, VMTableImport, VMTrampoline,
 };
-use loupe::MemoryUsage;
+pub use wasmer_artifact::{FunctionBodyPtr, VMFunctionBody};
 pub use wasmer_types::LibCall;
 pub use wasmer_types::TableStyle;
 #[deprecated(
@@ -71,28 +70,6 @@ pub use wasmer_types::{
 /// Version number of this crate.
 pub const VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
 
-/// A safe wrapper around `VMFunctionBody`.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, MemoryUsage)]
-#[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct FunctionBodyPtr(pub *const VMFunctionBody);
-
-impl std::ops::Deref for FunctionBodyPtr {
-    type Target = *const VMFunctionBody;
-
-    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        &self.0
-    }
-}
-
-/// # Safety
-/// The VMFunctionBody that this points to is opaque, so there's no data to
-/// read or write through this pointer. This is essentially a usize.
-unsafe impl Send for FunctionBodyPtr {}
-/// # Safety
-/// The VMFunctionBody that this points to is opaque, so there's no data to
-/// read or write through this pointer. This is essentially a usize.
-unsafe impl Sync for FunctionBodyPtr {}
-
 /// Pointers to section data.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 #[repr(transparent)]

lib/vm/src/vmcontext.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use std::mem;
 use std::ptr::{self, NonNull};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::u32;
+pub use wasmer_artifact::VMFunctionBody;
 
 /// Union representing the first parameter passed when calling a function.
 ///
@@ -169,24 +170,6 @@ mod test_vmdynamicfunction_import_context {
     }
 }
 
-/// A placeholder byte-sized type which is just used to provide some amount of type
-/// safety when dealing with pointers to JIT-compiled function bodies. Note that it's
-/// deliberately not Copy, as we shouldn't be carelessly copying function body bytes
-/// around.
-#[repr(C)]
-pub struct VMFunctionBody(u8);
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test_vmfunction_body {
-    use super::VMFunctionBody;
-    use std::mem::size_of;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn check_vmfunction_body_offsets() {
-        assert_eq!(size_of::<VMFunctionBody>(), 1);
-    }
-}
-
 /// A function kind is a calling convention into and out of wasm code.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, MemoryUsage)]
 #[repr(C)]
@@ -799,9 +782,8 @@ pub struct VMSharedSignatureIndex(u32);
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test_vmshared_signature_index {
     use super::VMSharedSignatureIndex;
-    use crate::vmoffsets::{TargetSharedSignatureIndex, VMOffsets};
     use std::mem::size_of;
-    use wasmer_types::ModuleInfo;
+    use wasmer_types::{ModuleInfo, TargetSharedSignatureIndex, VMOffsets};
 
     #[test]
     fn check_vmshared_signature_index() {

tests/lib/engine-dummy/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ edition = "2018"
 publish = false
 
 [dependencies]
+wasmer-artifact = { path = "../../../lib/artifact", version = "=2.2.1" }
 wasmer-types = { path = "../../../lib/types", version = "=2.2.1" }
 wasmer-compiler = { path = "../../../lib/compiler", version = "=2.2.1" }
 wasmer-vm = { path = "../../../lib/vm", version = "=2.2.1" }

tests/lib/engine-dummy/src/artifact.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use loupe::MemoryUsage;
 #[cfg(feature = "serialize")]
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use wasmer_artifact::ArtifactCreate;
 #[cfg(feature = "compiler")]
 use wasmer_compiler::ModuleEnvironment;
 use wasmer_compiler::{CompileError, CpuFeature};
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ impl DummyArtifact {
     }
 }
 
-impl Artifact for DummyArtifact {
+impl ArtifactCreate for DummyArtifact {
     fn module(&self) -> Arc<ModuleInfo> {
         self.metadata.module.clone()
     }
@@ -229,7 +230,25 @@ impl Artifact for DummyArtifact {
     fn table_styles(&self) -> &PrimaryMap<TableIndex, TableStyle> {
         &self.metadata.table_styles
     }
+    #[cfg(feature = "serialize")]
+    fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, SerializeError> {
+        let bytes = bincode::serialize(&self.metadata)
+            .map_err(|e| SerializeError::Generic(format!("{:?}", e)))?;
 
+        // Prepend the header.
+        let mut serialized = Self::MAGIC_HEADER.to_vec();
+        serialized.extend(bytes);
+        Ok(serialized)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "serialize"))]
+    fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, SerializeError> {
+        Err(SerializeError::Generic(
+            "The serializer feature is not enabled in the DummyEngine",
+        ))
+    }
+}
+impl Artifact for DummyArtifact {
     fn finished_functions(&self) -> &BoxedSlice<LocalFunctionIndex, FunctionBodyPtr> {
         &self.finished_functions
     }
@@ -249,22 +268,4 @@ impl Artifact for DummyArtifact {
     fn func_data_registry(&self) -> &FuncDataRegistry {
         &self.func_data_registry
     }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "serialize")]
-    fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, SerializeError> {
-        let bytes = bincode::serialize(&self.metadata)
-            .map_err(|e| SerializeError::Generic(format!("{:?}", e)))?;
-
-        // Prepend the header.
-        let mut serialized = Self::MAGIC_HEADER.to_vec();
-        serialized.extend(bytes);
-        Ok(serialized)
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(not(feature = "serialize"))]
-    fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, SerializeError> {
-        Err(SerializeError::Generic(
-            "The serializer feature is not enabled in the DummyEngine",
-        ))
-    }
 }